{"id":459,"date":"2014-12-16T17:35:26","date_gmt":"2014-12-16T17:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/?p=459"},"modified":"2014-12-16T17:37:15","modified_gmt":"2014-12-16T17:37:15","slug":"gana-vitima-da-maldicao-dos-recursos-naturais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/2014\/12\/16\/gana-vitima-da-maldicao-dos-recursos-naturais\/","title":{"rendered":"GANA… V\u00cdTIMA DA MALDI\u00c7\u00c3O DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS?"},"content":{"rendered":"

“\u00c9 dif\u00edcil acreditar que o Gana foi, em tempos, visto como a grande esperan\u00e7a da \u00c1frica Ocidental<\/em>, um pa\u00eds que combinava uma economia din\u00e2mica e sustent\u00e1vel com um sistema pol\u00edtico est\u00e1vel e democr\u00e1tico. Tudo se desfez sob a influ\u00eancia da chamada ‘maldi\u00e7\u00e3o dos recursos naturais’<\/em>, na forma do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s descobertos no in\u00edcio do s\u00e9culo XXI”\u00a0[Oxfam. 2014. Event it Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality.].Hoje, sem um sal\u00e1rio m\u00ednimo estabelecido, um trabalhador ganha, em m\u00e9dia, 0,5$ por hora.<\/p>\n

Poucos s\u00e3o aqueles que se podem dar ao luxo<\/em>\u00a0de comprar \u00e1gua pot\u00e1vel; a maioria \u00e9 obrigada a\u00a0recorrer \u00e0 \u00e1gua polu\u00edda dos rios e dos po\u00e7os. Assim, n\u00e3o \u00e9 surpreendente a frequ\u00eancia com que ocorrem surtos de c\u00f3lera, e a mortalidade infantil \u00e9 das mais altas da regi\u00e3o. A eletricidade \u00e9 uma comodidade rara, a maioria da popula\u00e7\u00e3o do continente tem apenas algumas horas de eletricidade por dia, o que leva ao aumento da inseguran\u00e7a. O sistema educativo e a sa\u00fade s\u00e3o privados, impedindo o acesso por parte da grande maioria da popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Contudo, sendo um pa\u00eds rico em recursos naturais (rico em recursos que n\u00e3o podem ser saqueados – petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s), uma pequena elite, a elite governativa, tem vindo a lucrar com a venda dos recursos do pa\u00eds \u00a0aos estrangeiros que pagam mais. A riqueza do Gana n\u00e3o se reflete nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es de vida da popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Qual \u00e9 a cura<\/em> para a maldi\u00e7\u00e3o\/ doen\u00e7a do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s no Gana? O que pode ser feito?<\/p>\n

[Maldi\u00e7\u00e3o dos Recursos Naturais: a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais leva a um aumento do valor da moeda do pa\u00eds comparativamente a outras moedas, o que faz com que as outras exporta\u00e7\u00f5es do pa\u00eds n\u00e3o sejam competitivas. \u00c0 medida que as receitas do petr\u00f3leo foram aumentando, as restantes exporta\u00e7\u00f5es do pa\u00eds deixaram de ser lucrativas, o que levou ao colapso da produ\u00e7\u00e3o (Collier. 2008). Ademais, a depend\u00eancia de recursos naturais tende a levar ao mau funcionamento das democracias, pois o aumento das receitas do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s \u00e9 acompanhado por um aumento da probabilidade da corrup\u00e7\u00e3o das institui\u00e7\u00f5es governativas (h\u00e1 excep\u00e7\u00f5es, claro, como \u00e9 o caso da Noruega).<\/p>\n

Saiba mais<\/strong> no Relat\u00f3rio da Oxfam “Event it Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality”<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

“<\/em>It is hard\u00a0to believet that Ghana was once seen as the great hope\u00a0of West Africa, a country that combined a dynamic and\u00a0sustainable economy with an impressively stable and\u00a0democratic political system. All that fell apart under the\u00a0influence of the – ‘resource curse’ – or the \u2018curse of wealth\u2019, in the shape of oil and\u00a0gas finds in the early years of the 21st century” [Oxfam. 2014. Event it Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality. p. 71]. \u00a0Today, with no minimum wage, the average worker earns 0.5$ per hour.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Few can afford to buy drinking water from tankers; the majority of the population has no other choice but to drink polluted water from rivers and wells. Unsurprisingly, cholera outbreaks are frequent and child and infant mortality is one of the highest in the region,\u00a0Electricity is a rare comodity, most ghanians in the mainland have a few hours of electricity per day, increasing the fear of assault.\u00a0Education and health are privatized, and the majority of the population doesn’t have the means to access it.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

However, being a resource-rich country (rich in legal non-lootable resources – oil and gas), a small elite, the governing elite, has been profiting from the country’s resources, selling to the highest foreign-bidder. The wealthness of Ghana has no reflection of the population’s livelihood.<\/em><\/p>\n

What is the ‘cure’ for the oil and gas curse\/ disease in Ghana? What can be done?<\/em><\/p>\n

[Resource Curse:\u00a0\u201cthe resource exports cause the country\u2019s currency to rise in value against other currencies. This makes the country\u2019s other export activities uncompetitive. (…) As oil revenues built up, the country\u2019s other exports became unprofitable, and production rapidly collapsed\u201d (Collier. 2008). Furthermore, natural resource dependence tends to make democracies malfunction, as revenues from oil and gas inncrease the likelihood of corruption in the government].\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Learn more<\/strong> in the Oxfam Report “Event it Up: Time to End Extreme Inequality”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“\u00c9 dif\u00edcil acreditar que o Gana foi, em tempos, visto como a grande esperan\u00e7a da \u00c1frica Ocidental, um pa\u00eds que combinava uma economia din\u00e2mica e sustent\u00e1vel com um sistema pol\u00edtico est\u00e1vel e democr\u00e1tico. Tudo se desfez sob a influ\u00eancia da chamada ‘maldi\u00e7\u00e3o dos recursos naturais’, na forma do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s descobertos no in\u00edcio […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1670,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem-categoria"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1670"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=459"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":465,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/459\/revisions\/465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.ipleiria.pt\/coerenciacv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}